Cybersecurity can often feel overwhelming, especially for those without a technical background. However, the Center for Internet Security (CIS) has created a set of guidelines known as the CIS Critical Security Controls (CIS Controls) to help organizations of all sizes improve their security posture. Let’s break down these controls into easy-to-understand language.

1. Inventory and Control of Enterprise Assets

Why it matters: Imagine trying to protect your home without knowing what valuables you have or where they are. Similarly, businesses must keep track of all their devices (computers, phones, etc.) to protect them effectively.

Key actions:

• Maintain a list of all devices.
• Regularly check for and address unauthorized devices.

2. Inventory and Control of Software Assets

Why it matters: Knowing what software is installed helps ensure everything is updated and secure, reducing the risk of attacks.

Key actions:

• Keep an up-to-date inventory of all software.
• Remove or update unsupported or unauthorized software.

3. Data Protection

Why it matters: Protecting sensitive information (like customer data) from theft or loss is crucial for maintaining trust and compliance with regulations.

Key actions:

• Classify and inventory data based on sensitivity.
• Encrypt sensitive data and securely dispose of it when no longer needed.

4. Secure Configuration of Enterprise Assets and Software

Why it matters: Default settings in devices and software are often not secure. Configuring them properly helps close security gaps.

Key actions:

• Establish secure settings for all devices and software.
• Regularly review and update configurations.

5. Account Management

Why it matters: Controlling who has access to what helps prevent unauthorized actions and data breaches.

Key actions:

• Maintain a detailed inventory of user accounts.
• Use strong, unique passwords and disable inactive accounts.

6. Access Control Management

Why it matters: Ensuring that users only have access to what they need reduces the risk of accidental or malicious data exposure.

Key actions:

• Implement role-based access controls.
• Use multi-factor authentication for access.

7. Continuous Vulnerability Management

Why it matters: Regularly identifying and fixing vulnerabilities keeps systems secure from new threats.

Key actions:

• Perform regular vulnerability scans.
• Apply patches and updates promptly.

8. Audit Log Management

Why it matters: Keeping logs of system activities helps detect and investigate suspicious behavior.

Key actions:

• Regularly review audit logs.
• Retain logs for a specified period.

9. Email and Web Browser Protections

Why it matters: Email and web browsers are common attack vectors. Protecting these can prevent many types of cyberattacks.

Key actions:

• Implement security settings for email and web browsers.
• Educate users on safe browsing and email practices.

10. Malware Defenses

Why it matters: Defending against malware (malicious software) is crucial to protecting systems and data.

Key actions:

• Install and regularly update anti-malware software.
• Conduct regular scans and remove any detected threats.

11. Data Recovery

Why it matters: Having a reliable backup ensures data can be recovered after an incident, minimizing downtime and data loss.

Key actions:

• Regularly back up important data.
• Test data recovery processes to ensure they work.

12. Network Infrastructure Management

Why it matters: Properly managing network devices (like routers and firewalls) ensures secure and reliable communication.

Key actions:

• Maintain an inventory of network devices.
• Regularly update device firmware and configurations.

13. Network Monitoring and Defense

Why it matters: Monitoring network traffic helps detect and respond to potential threats in real time.

Key actions:

• Implement tools to monitor network traffic.
• Respond to suspicious activities promptly.

14. Security Awareness and Skills Training

Why it matters: Educated employees are the first line of defense against cyber threats.

Key actions:

• Provide regular security training for all employees.
• Conduct simulated phishing exercises to raise awareness.

15. Service Provider Management

Why it matters: Ensuring that third-party service providers follow security practices protects your data when it’s handled outside your organization.

Key actions:

• Vet service providers for security practices.
• Include security requirements in contracts.

16. Application Software Security

Why it matters: Secure software development practices prevent vulnerabilities in applications.

Key actions:

• Perform regular security testing of applications.
• Fix identified vulnerabilities promptly.

17. Incident Response Management

Why it matters: Having a plan for responding to incidents reduces damage and recovery time.

Key actions:

• Develop and maintain an incident response plan.
• Conduct regular drills to test the plan.

18. Penetration Testing

Why it matters: Regular testing of your defenses helps identify and fix vulnerabilities before attackers can exploit them.

Key actions:

• Schedule regular penetration tests.
• Address findings from tests promptly.

The CIS Controls provide a structured approach to improving cybersecurity. By following these guidelines, businesses can protect their assets, data, and reputation more effectively. Remember, cybersecurity is an ongoing process that requires regular attention and updates.

For more detailed guidance, consult the full CIS Controls v8.1 documentation. Stay safe and secure!